Hello,
To help answer your questions, I think Ellen Lupton's Thinking With Type is a good starting point. The book is well worth checking out, and I'm sure the website will give you plenty to absorb. I also suggest looking at the books listed at Type Library, especially those under general typography.
Most professionals use Adobe InDesign to create layouts that are typographically good, for print at least (It costs a lot, but Adobe does offer student discounts. Check to see if your school has it installed in any of their labs. There is also a free 30-day trial you can download.) Good typography is more a result of decisions made by a designer, and less about the specific tools used. You can make something nice in Microsoft Word, it just takes more effort.
I hope that helps. Good luck.
(It seems that you know that typography is not the same as type design, but just to make sure: the drawing of letters/making of fonts is type design, the arrangement/layout/spacing/etc. of text is typography.)