Hi Yves,
Mantika Informal has them.

Scotch Modern (2008) and Figgins Sans (2008) have them as default (for mixed-case setting), as well as alternate, cap-height figures weighted and proportioned for all-cap settings.

http://www.fontshop.com/fonts/downloads/shinntype/figgins_sans_family/
http://www.fontshop.com/fonts/singles/shinntype/scotch_modern_regular/

Compare the difference by clicking on the "Gear" icon and applying "case sensitive forms".

Hi Yves, I don't know if this is what you are looking for, but Williams Caslon Text has small cap figures, which are 2/3 the height of the caps. Benton Sans, which is where I got the idea, also has small caps figures, and probably so do some other recent Font Bureau fonts. I've found the small caps figures actually pretty useful.

Perhaps, but you can't apply it as global style to mixed case setting.

And it doesn't preview at FontShop.com (Because there isn't a c2sc option there, I presume).

Looking at your article, I see you already cover small caps figures, so I guess that isn't what you were looking for.

And by “recent” do you mean more recent than Miller Text (1997)? MC maintained Austin’s original three-quarter lining figure scheme, which is somewhat endemic to Scotches (as witnessed also in Nick’s interpretations).

 
Less expected, perhaps, are Dante’s three-quarter lining figs (default in the original digital versions). Not usually seen with an oldstyle like this.

 
But probably not recent enough for you.

Monotype's Bulmer (2001) has 3/4 figures too, as stylistic alternates:
http://www.fontshop.com/fonts/downloads/linotype/monotype_bulmer_std_vol...

Fontin does, though he calls them "hybrid figures".